sultan abdul hamid ii

Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی, romanized: Abd ul-Hamid-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. ii desu ka artinya Abdülhamid ; 21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire , from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state [3]